Evidence
What a Photograph Can Prove, and What It Cannot
Learn what a news photograph can establish, what remains uncertain, and how to check its date, location and context…
The full reading list
All stories
Explore explainers on claims, sources, framing, evidence and updates. Each piece takes one question at a time and shows what a careful reading can reveal.
Sources
Interview, Document or Observation: Three Different Source Jobs
Interview, document or observation: learn what each source can establish, spot its limits, and keep a news account’s…
Updates
How News Updates Change from Bulletin Boards to Feeds
News updates can change as they move from bulletin boards to feeds. Learn to check a post’s source, scope and wording…
Claims
The Headline That Sounds More Certain Than the Story
Compare headline verbs with the article’s wording to spot inflated certainty, restore missing qualifications and judge…
Framing
A Three-Pass Reading for a Story Still Unfolding
A three-pass reading for developing news separates supported details from unresolved claims, so you can judge what an…